Njira za matenda a fuluwenza ndi zovuta: Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku ma virus?

Kachilombo ka fuluwenza payokha kamagawika m'mitundu itatu, A, B ndi C, komwe anthu amakhala ndi kachilombo ka A ndi B. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa A, kutengera kwa kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni ena pamtundu wa kachilomboka, amagawidwa mu neuraminidase (N) ndi hemagglutinin subtypes (H). Kutengera ndi iwo, kusintha kotchuka kwambiri kwa H3N2, H1N1 ndi H1N2 kumatha katemera pasadakhale. Mtundu wa fuluwenza wa B siwowopsa ngati A chifukwa umakhala ndi RNA imodzi yokha, chifukwa chake uli ndi mbiri ya HA ndi NA yokha basi, motero sukhoza kusinthika.

Matenda a chimfine amapezeka kudzera mukulumikizana ndi munthu wodwala kapena munthu amene ali ndi chimfine. Kachilomboka kamene kamafalikira ndi ka m'malovu kapena kudzera pakhungu ndi zinthu zomwe "zadalitsa" munthu amene akupatsira kachilomboka ndi kukhudza kapena kusisita. Mwanjira imeneyi, pogwira pakamwa, maso kapena chakudya - timayambitsa chimfine mu njira yopumira, ndichifukwa chake kusamba m'manja ndikofunikira kwambiri, makamaka tikachoka pagulu. Mutha kupezanso chimfine polumikizana ndi nyama zomwe muli ndi kachilombo komanso kudya nyama yophika kapena mazira amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Nthawi yovundikira kachilomboka imachokera tsiku limodzi mpaka sabata, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imachitika masiku awiri kapena atatu atatenga kachilomboka. Wodwala amatenga tsiku lisanayambikebe mpaka masiku 10 atayamba kuonekera.

Chithandizo cha fuluwenza ndikosavuta kuyamba ndi kupewa, mwachitsanzo, katemera wa nyengo. Ngakhale kachilombo ka fuluwenza kakusintha mosinthasintha ndipo sikotheka kupanga katemera wa chilengedwe chonse, WHO imatsimikizira mizere yolosera za mankhwalawa pamaziko a kusanthula kwa mawerengero, omwe amatha kutetezedwa pasadakhale. Akuti katemera amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ana pofika 36 peresenti. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikaonekera, simungachedwe ndipo chithandizo chikuyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo ndikukhala pabedi. Thupi, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse kulimbana ndi kachilomboka, limafunikira kupuma kwambiri ndi hydration (ndibwino kumwa madzi, misuzi ya zipatso, mankhwala azitsamba ndi zipatso, mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku rasipiberi kapena elderberry). Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti elderberry yotulutsa, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa proinflammatory cytokinins mu monocytes a anthu, kumathandizira kulepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta zama virus ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa matendawa mpaka masiku 3-4.

Fuluwenza woyambirira umathandizidwa bwino ndi njira zachilengedwe monga manyuchi wa anyezi, kudya adyo, uchi, rasipiberi ndi madzi a chokeberry. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimakhala ndi gawo lotentha komanso antibacterial. Pa mankhwala kunyumba, titha kuthana ndi zizindikiro za fuluwenza, motero ndikofunika kusungitsa njira zotithandizira matenda oopsa kwambiri - madontho amphuno, kutsokomola ndi antipyretics. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ana osaposa zaka 15 sayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala aliwonse ofanana ndi acetylsalicylic acid, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti chiwindi chilepheretse (chotchedwa Rey's syndrome). M'malo mwake, m'malo mwa mutu, ndikwabwino kufikira kwa mankhwala a acetaminophen kapena ibuprofen. Komabe, musawachulukitse, ndipo chifukwa cha ululu wophatikizika kuposa ma painkiller ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito malo osambira ndi mafuta ofunikira, mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku eucalyptus.
Ngati njira zachikhalidwe ndi "kuthetsa" matendawa sizithandiza, kapena tikukayikira kuti matendawa atha kukhala achangu, kwanthaine patatha maola 30 mutatha kudziwa zizindikiro muyenera kuwona dokotala kuti mupeze mankhwala oyenerera. Mankhwala othandizira kwambiri a neuraminidase inhibitors omwe amaletsa kuchulukitsa kwa mtundu wa A ndi B virus.
Ngakhale fuluwenza ndi matenda oopsa pawokha, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa sichili kachilomboka, koma mavuto obwera pambuyo pake. Amapezeka pafupifupi 6 peresenti. anthu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ana mpaka zaka ziwiri ndipo anthu opitirira zaka 65. Chaka chilichonse, anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha mavuto, makamaka chifukwa chakufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi.

Mavuto ambiri amfulu ndi awa:
sinusitis
- otitis media,
- chibayo ndi bronchitis,
kutupa kwa minofu
- myocarditis,
- meningitis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha),
- Rey's syndrome (ubongo edema ndi chiwindi chamafuta).
Kachilombo ka fuluwenza, kakalowa m'thupi, kumawononga khunyu la kupuma, ngati kuti "kuyika" njira ya mabakiteriya owopsa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri mavuto atachitika fuluwenza ndi matenda achilengedwe. Kukhulupirira mabakiteriya komanso fungal ndizovuta zambiri zomwe zimakhala zoopsa komanso zowopsa. Ngati ma microorganism opitilira m'modzi atha kugwira ntchito m'thupi, izi zimatha kudzetsa nkhawa kwambiri komanso kufa ana ndi okalamba. Mavuto amawoneka pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu atadwala. Ngakhale mutadwala kwambiri, musakhale ndi mantha, chifukwa zovuta zimachitika makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira.