Izindlela zokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane kanye nezinkinga: Ungavikela kanjani kumagciwane:

Igciwane lomkhuhlane uqobo lihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu, u-A, B no-C, abantu ikakhulu abangenwe yizinhlobo zama-A no-B. Uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu u-A, ngokuya ngobukhona bamaprotheni athile ngaphezulu kwegciwane, lihlukaniswe ngama-neuraminidase (N) ne-hemagglutinin subtypes (H). Ngokusekelwe kuzo, kuvela izinguquko ezivamile ze-H3N2, H1N1 ne-H1N2, ezingagonywa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uhlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane B alubi yingozi njengo-A ngoba liqukethe umucu owodwa we-RNA, futhi ngenxa yalokho lunama-subtypes amabili we-HA ne-NA kuphela ngakho-ke aluthinteki ekuguqukeni kwezinguquko.

Ukutheleleka komkhuhlane kwenzeka ngokuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo noma umuntu onomkhuhlane one-asymptomatic. Igciwane uqobo lisakazeka ngamaconsi noma ngokuthintana nesikhumba nezinto eziye “zatheleleka” kumuntu odlulisela leli gciwane ngokuthinta noma ukuthubelezela. Ngale ndlela, ngokuthinta umlomo, amehlo noma ukudla - sethula umkhuhlane ohlelweni lokuphefumula, yingakho ukugeza izandla kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokushiya izindawo zomphakathi. Ungawuthola lomkhuhlane ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane nangokudla inyama engaphekiwe noma amaqanda enyoni aluhlaza aphethe i-bird flu virus. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwaleli gciwane sisukela osukwini olulodwa kuya kwesonto, yize kuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokutheleleka. Umuntu ogulayo uthelela ngosuku olungaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu aze afike ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuvela.

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane kulula kakhulu ukuqala ngokuvimbela, isb. Yize igciwane lomkhuhlane lihlala ligudla futhi kungenzeki ukwenza umuthi wokugomela indawo yonke, i-WHO inquma imigqa yegciwane ebikezelwe ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwezibalo, okungagonywa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imigomo inciphisa izehlakalo zezingane zifike kumaphesenti angama-36. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, awukwazi ukubambezela futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kuqala ngokushesha ngokuhlala ekhaya embhedeni. Umzimba, onikela ngamandla wonke ekulweni naleli gciwane, udinga ukuphumula okuningi ne-hydration (kungcono ukuphuza amanzi, iziphuzo zezithelo, amakhambi nezithelo zetiye, isb. Ku-raspberry noma i-elderberry). Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukukhipha i-elderberry, okungenzeka kakhulu kungenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-cytokinins ama-proinfigueatory kuma-monocytes womuntu, kunomthelela ekuvinjelweni kokukhula kwamagciwane egciwane futhi kunciphise isikhathi sesifo kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4.

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane wokuqala uphathwa kangcono ngezindlela zemvelo ezinjenge-anyanisi isiraphu, ugarliki, uju, irayisi kanye nejusi le-chokeberry. Le mikhiqizo ineqhaza lokufudumeza kanye ne-antibacterial. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ekhaya, singalwa kuphela nezimpawu zomkhuhlane, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuqoqa izindlela zokunciphisa izifo ezibucayi kakhulu - amaconsi ekhaleni, isigaxa sokukhwehlela kanye nama-antipyretics. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 ubudala akufanele zinikezwe noma yimuphi umuthi osuselwa ku-acetylsalicylic acid, ngoba kungaba nomthelela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi (okubizwa ngokuthi yiRey's syndrome). Esikhundleni salokho, esimweni sekhanda, kungcono ukufinyelela emithini ye-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen. Kodwa-ke, ungazidluli ngokweqile, futhi ngezinhlungu ezihlangene kunama-painkiller kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhati afudumele ngamafutha abalulekile, isb. Kusuka eucalyptus.
Uma izindlela zendabuko kanye "nokupheliswa" kwalesi sifo kungasizi, noma sisola ukuthi umkhuhlane ungashesha kakhulu, emahoreni angama-30 okuqala ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu kufanele ubone udokotela ngemithi efanele i-antiviral. Ama-inhibitors we-neuraminidase asebenzayo asebenza kahle kakhulu amisa ukuphindaphindwa kohlobo lwe-A no-B virus.
Yize umkhuhlane uyisifo esiyingozi ngokwaso, imbangela yokufa akuyona igciwane uqobo, kepha izinkinga zangemva kokulimazeka. Zenzeka cishe amaphesenti ayi-6. abantu, imvamisa ezinganeni kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65. Njalo ngonyaka, abantu abayizigidi ezimbili bafa ngenxa yezinkinga, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuncipha kokungaziguli kwezinye izifo ezifanayo.

Izinkinga zomkhuhlane ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
i-sinusitis
- imidiya ye-otitis,
- inyumoniya kanye ne-bronchitis,
ukuvuvukala kwemisipha
- myocarditis,
- i-meningitis
- I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (ukulimala kwezinzwa),
- I-Rey's syndrome (ubuchopho be-edema kanye nesibindi esinamafutha).
Igciwane lomkhuhlane, ukungena emzimbeni, lilimaza i-epithelium yephephisi lokuphefumula, kungathi "ukugoqa" indlela yamabhaktheriya ayingozi, yingakho izingqinamba ezivame kakhulu ngemuva komkhuhlane ziyizifo ezihlelekile. Ama-bacterium nama-fungal superionesion ayizinkinga ezivamile futhi eziyingozi. Uma ngaphezu kwama-microorganism owodwa asebenze emzimbeni, lokhu kungaholela ekutheni athuke onobuthi futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu afe ezinganeni nasebekhulile. Izinkinga zivela cishe emavikini amabili noma amathathu ngemuva kokugula. Noma ngemuva kokugula okungathi sína, ungesabi, ngoba izinkinga zenzeka ikakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezingatheleleki emzimbeni.