BioNTech，Moderna，Curevac，covid-19，冠狀病毒，疫苗：
20200320AD
BTM Innovations，公私合作夥伴關係，Apeiron，SRI International，Iktos，抗病毒藥，AdaptVac，ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies，pfizer，janssen，sanofi，

3月16日，歐盟委員會宣布將提供8000萬歐元，以支持德國公司CureVac加快冠狀病毒疫苗的研發工作。該信息出現在德國政府消息人士稱唐納德·特朗普政府正在尋找一種途徑獲得這種潛在疫苗的第二天。這是否意味著只有一家公司正在研究對人類如此重要的解決方案？世衛組織（世界衛生組織）在其網站上發布了13家此類公司的數據，全球數據數據庫顯示有30家從事該主題的機構。那麼，是否有機會迅速解決我們的麻煩？魔鬼永遠在細節中。
正式地，只有一家公司-American Moderna-經歷了在人體中進行疫苗測試的臨床試驗階段。測試是在美國西雅圖的華盛頓健康研究所進行的。如此快速的潛在疫苗開發是空前的，而且是可能的，因為科學家可以利用冠狀病毒的經驗來引發SARS和MERS流行。儘管有破紀錄的工作，即使疫苗證明對這種病毒是安全有效的，也將至少有一年不可用。
其他所有想要開發冠狀病毒疫苗的參與者目前都處於臨床前階段。臨床前階段是在實驗室和動物中進行的研究，這些研究只能在大約一年半的時間內進行疫苗接種。很難說誰贏得了疫苗競賽，但是最大的機會不是初創企業，而是大型製藥公司。

德國公司CureVac與位於奧斯陸的一家公共機構合作，所謂的流行病預防聯盟（CEPI）。他們正在研究一種基於mRNA的疫苗。與美國巨頭Moderna mRNA一樣，CureVac希望證明mRNA疫苗的開發和生產速度要比傳統疫苗更快，並打算在今年夏天初進行I期臨床試驗。
像CureVac一樣，德國公司BioNTech專門開發針對癌症和流感的mRNA疫苗，也是與製藥巨頭輝瑞公司潛在合作夥伴關係的對象，以開發針對Covid19病毒的疫苗。賽諾菲（Sanofi）和揚森（Janssen）與美國生物醫學高級研究與開發辦公室（BARDA）合作，並且也處於臨床前階段。
許多較小的項目也在進行中。 2月2日，“地平線2020”計劃下的700萬歐元補貼分配給了丹麥的公私合營企業：生物技術公司ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies和AdaptVac。該聯盟計劃在12個月內針對該疫苗啟動I / IIa期臨床試驗。

儘管最早的疫苗可能在夏季之前都處於臨床前階段，但監管機構可能需要進行一到兩年的人工測試，以確保疫苗安全有效。獲得批准後，公司可以開始以商業規模生產和分發疫苗，這也需要很長時間。總而言之，全世界僅在2121年中左右才看到批准的Covid-19疫苗。
然而，事實證明，疫苗不是唯一的救贖方法。許多公司期望開發新的抗病毒藥物或使當前的實驗藥物適應新病毒。這是一項艱鉅的任務，因為與細菌不同，病毒隱藏在我們自己的細胞中。這意味著阻止病毒的藥物會更多地影響我們的細胞，從而引起副作用。
從事人工智能生產藥物的巴黎公司Iktos開始與美國化學公司SRI International合作。合作的目標是開發新的抗病毒藥物來治療Covid19和其他類型的病毒。奧地利生物技術公司Apeiron於2月底開始了針對Covid-19的候選藥物的II期中試臨床試驗。該蛋白藥物已經完成了急性肺損傷治療的I和II期研究，有望通過模仿在肺部入侵過程中與冠狀病毒結合的蛋白來發揮作用。還有許多項目旨在改變批准的抗病毒藥物在治療Covid-19中的用途。這樣做的好處是，藥物的安全性是已知的，可以更快地進入市場。來自哥廷根和德國柏林的研究人員目前正在研究甲磺酸鉀敏酯的潛力。甲磺酸鉀敏酯是一種在日本獲准用於治療胰腺炎的藥物。

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BioNTech, moderna, curevac, covid-19, coronavirus, vaccine:
20200320AD
BTM Innovations, public-private partnership, Apeiron, SRI International, Iktos, antiviral drugs, AdaptVac, ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, pfizer, janssen, sanofi, 

On March 16, the European Commission announced that it offered EUR 80 million in support to the German company CureVac to accelerate work on the coronavirus vaccine. This information appears the day after German government sources said the Donald Trump administration was looking for a way to get access to this potential vaccine. Does this mean that there is only one company that is working on a solution that is so important for humanity? WHO (World Health Organization) publishes data on 13 such companies on its pages, and the Global Data database indicates 30 institutions working on the topic. So are there any chances for a quick remedy for our troubles? The devil is always in the details.
Officially, there is only one company - American Moderna - that has gone to the phase of clinical trials where the vaccine is being tested on humans. Tests are conducted in the United States at the Washington Institute of Health Research in Seattle. Such rapid development of a potential vaccine is unprecedented and was possible because scientists were able to use the experience of related coronaviruses that caused SARS and MERS epidemics. Despite record fast work, even if the vaccine proves safe and effective against the virus, it will not be available for at least a year.
All other players seeking to develop a coronavirus vaccine are currently at most pre-clinical stage. The preclinical stage is research in laboratories and animals that can only lead to vaccines in about a year and a half. It's hard to say who wins the race for the vaccine, but the biggest chances are not start-ups, but big drug companies.

The German company CureVac cooperates with a public institution based in Oslo, the so-called Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI). They are working on an mRNA-based vaccine. Like the American giant Moderna mRNA, CureVac wants to prove that mRNA vaccines will be developed and manufactured faster than traditional vaccines and intends to move to Phase I clinical trials early this summer.
Like CureVac - the German company BioNTech, which develops mRNA vaccines for cancer and influenza - is the subject of a potential partnership with the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer to develop a vaccine for the Covid-19 virus. Sanofi and Janssen cooperate with the American Biomedical Advanced Office for Research and Development (BARDA) and are also at a preclinical stage.
Many smaller projects are also underway. On Monday, EUR 2.7 million in subsidies under Horizon 2020 was allocated to the Danish public-private consortium: biotechnology companies ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies and AdaptVac. The consortium intends to launch a phase I / IIa clinical trial for the vaccine within 12 months.

While the earliest vaccines may be in Phase I preclinical studies up to summer, regulatory authorities will probably require one to two years of human testing to ensure that the vaccine is safe and effective. After obtaining approval, companies can start producing and distributing the vaccine on a commercial scale, which also takes a long time. In summary, the world can see the approved Covid-19 vaccine only around mid-2021.
However, it turns out that the vaccine is not the only salvation. Many companies expect to develop new antiviral drugs or adapt current experimental drugs to fight the new virus. This is a difficult task, because unlike bacteria, viruses hide in our own cells. This means that medicines that stop viruses affect our cells more often, which can cause side effects.
The Paris company Iktos, dealing in the creation of drugs using artificial intelligence, has started cooperation with the American chemical company SRI International. The goal of the collaboration is to develop new antiviral drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 and other types of viruses. The Austrian biotechnology company Apeiron began a phase II pilot clinical trial of the candidate drug against Covid-19 at the end of February. The protein drug has already completed Phase I and II studies in the treatment of acute lung injury and is expected to act by mimicking the protein with which coronavirus binds during lung invasion. there are also many projects aimed at changing the use of approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of Covid-19. This has the advantage that the drug's safety is already known and can reach the market faster. Researchers at institutions in Göttingen and Berlin, Germany, are currently investigating the potential of kamostat mesylate - a drug approved in Japan for the treatment of pancreatitis.

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